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Cambodia (KH)

Affordable Southeast Asian base with easy daily life, a large Phnom Penh and Siem Reap expat scene, strong NGO/tourism/education networks, fast digital payments, and visa rules that are flexible but increasingly document-driven.

Capital: Phnom Penh
Region: Asia
Language: Khmer
Currency: KHR (KHR)
Cost of living: Very affordable (index 35)
Emergency: 119

Country Profile

Everything you need to know before you arrive.

Affordable Southeast Asian base with easy daily life, a large Phnom Penh and Siem Reap expat scene, strong NGO/tourism/education networks, fast digital payments, and visa rules that are flexible but increasingly document-driven.

Capital
Phnom Penh
Population
18.1M
Government
Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy; ceremonial King as head of state, Prime Minister as head of government, dominant-party politics under the Cambodian People's Party
Calling Code
+855
Drives On
Right side
Currency
Cambodian riel (KHR)
Languages
Khmer
Timezones
Asia/Phnom_Penh

Climate

Spring

March to May is the hot season, often 35-40 C in Phnom Penh and Siem Reap. Heat management matters for housing, transport, pets, and children.

Summer

May to October is the southwest monsoon season. Expect heavy afternoon rain, flooding in low streets, humidity, and slower travel.

Autumn

October and November bring receding rains, greener landscapes, and major festivals such as Pchum Ben and Water Festival depending on lunar dates.

Winter

December to February is the cool dry season, the most comfortable period for moving, exploring, and outdoor routines.

Packing tip: Pack breathable clothing, modest outfits for temples and offices, rain gear, mosquito repellent, sun protection, sandals, and a light layer for air-conditioned offices.

Demographics

Khmer 95.4%
Cham (Muslim minority) 2.4%
Chinese 1.5%
Vietnamese and other minorities 0.7%

Religion

Theravada Buddhism 96.5%
Islam 2.6%
Christianity 0.3%
Other or no religion 0.6%

Social Culture & Etiquette

👋 Greetings

A sampeah with hands together is respectful, especially with elders, monks, and officials. Handshakes are common in business, but keep your tone calm.

⏰ Punctuality

Business and school settings expect punctuality; social timing can be flexible. Traffic and rain can make travel unpredictable.

👔 Dress Code

Dress modestly for temples, government offices, schools, and villages. Cover shoulders and knees at religious sites.

🚫 Taboos
  • Touching someone on the head
  • Pointing feet at people, monks, or Buddha images
  • Loud anger or public confrontation
  • Disrespecting the King, religion, or genocide memorials
  • Photographing people, police, military sites, or monks without permission
✅ Social Norms
  • Saving face matters; solve disputes privately and calmly.
  • Remove shoes before entering many homes and some offices.
  • Family obligations and religious holidays affect work schedules.
  • Khmer language basics earn goodwill even in English-friendly areas.
  • Cash and QR payments are both essential; do not rely only on foreign cards.

🍽️ Traditional Food & Drink

Fish amok

Steamed curried fish mousse with coconut milk and kroeung paste, often served in banana leaf.

Bai sach chrouk

Grilled pork with rice, pickles, and broth; classic Cambodian breakfast.

Nom banh chok

Fresh rice noodles with green fish curry and herbs.

Lok lak

Stir-fried beef cubes with lime-pepper sauce, rice, and egg.

Kuy teav

Rice-noodle soup with pork, beef, seafood, or offal, eaten for breakfast or late night.

Iced coffee with condensed milk

Strong, sweet, and widely available from street stalls and cafes.

Sugarcane juice

Fresh-pressed cane juice served over ice, often with lime.

Palm wine

Traditional fermented palm drink, mainly rural and informal.

📍 Tourist Highlights

Angkor Wat
Siem Reap

UNESCO-listed temple complex and national symbol.

Royal Palace and Silver Pagoda
Phnom Penh

Ceremonial royal complex and key Phnom Penh landmark.

Kampot and Kep
Southern Cambodia

Riverside town, pepper farms, coast, and slower expat lifestyle.

Koh Rong islands
Sihanoukville province

Beach and diving destination with resort and backpacker areas.

Tuol Sleng and Choeung Ek
Phnom Penh

Essential but difficult genocide history sites.

Battambang
Northwestern Cambodia

Colonial architecture, art scene, countryside, and bamboo train routes.

📖 Brief History

Cambodia was the centre of the Khmer Empire, whose Angkor temples remain one of the world’s great historical landscapes. The country later experienced French colonial rule, independence in 1953, war, the Khmer Rouge genocide, Vietnamese-backed reconstruction, and rapid post-1990s growth. Modern Cambodia combines youthful urban development, deep Buddhist traditions, garment manufacturing, tourism, agriculture, logistics, and a growing digital economy.