Indonesia (ID)
Bali and beyond — Indonesia is a vast tropical archipelago of 17,000+ islands offering affordable living, extraordinary cultural diversity, world-class nature, and a rapidly growing digital economy that attracts digital nomads, retirees, and professionals from around the globe.
Social Security in Indonesia
Benefits, contributions, and how the system works for expats.
Indonesia's social security system is administered by two government bodies: BPJS Kesehatan (health insurance) and BPJS Ketenagakerjaan (employment social security). Both were established under UU No. 24/2011 (BPJS Law) as implementing agencies for the national social security system (SJSN — Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional). KITAS-holding foreign workers employed in Indonesia are legally required to enroll in both BPJS systems. Self-employed individuals and Digital Nomad Visa holders can voluntarily enroll. There is no universal state pension or unemployment benefit for expats — BPJS social security is the primary safety net for formally employed foreign workers.
BPJS Membership Number / NPWP
Nomor Peserta BPJS / Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak
BPJS Kesehatan: employer registers employed KITAS holders. Self-enrollment at BPJS Kesehatan office (kantor BPJS) with passport + KITAS. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan: employer registers. NPWP: apply at nearest DJP Pratama tax office or online via pajak.go.id with passport + KITAS.
- BPJS Kesehatan number: access health services, find registered FKTP, track claim status
- BPJS Ketenagakerjaan number: track JHT savings, JP pension contributions, claim JKK/JKM benefits
- NPWP: mandatory for banking (accounts above certain balance), property transactions, import/export, filing tax returns
- Both numbers linked to Indonesian digital identity system (SIAK/KKP)
Benefits & Support Payments
BPJS Kesehatan — JKN (National Health Insurance)
Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN)
Universal health insurance covering GP consultations, specialist referrals, hospitalisation, surgery, maternity care, chemotherapy, dialysis, and most essential medications. Access via registered FKTP (primary clinic/puskesmas) with referral system.
Mandatory for all KITAS-holding employees. Available for self-enrollment by non-employed KITAS holders and Second Home Visa holders.
Via employer (automatic for formal employment). Direct: visit BPJS Kesehatan office with passport + KITAS + local address + bank account for autopay. Online at bpjs-kesehatan.go.id or Mobile JKN app.
BPJS Ketenagakerjaan — JHT (Old Age Savings)
Jaminan Hari Tua (JHT)
Mandatory old age savings fund for formal workers. Contributes to individual savings account. Payable as lump sum at age 56, permanent disability, death, or upon permanent departure from Indonesia.
Mandatory for all formally employed KITAS holders. Voluntary for self-employed.
Employer registers and manages contributions. Check balance via BPJSTKu app or BPJS Ketenagakerjaan website (bpjsketenagakerjaan.go.id).
BPJS Ketenagakerjaan — JP (Pension)
Jaminan Pensiun (JP)
Monthly pension benefit after retirement at age 57 (increasing to 65 gradually). Requires minimum 15 years (180 months) of contributions to qualify for monthly pension. Below 15 years: lump sum refund.
Mandatory for formally employed KITAS holders. Must contribute minimum 15 years for monthly pension. Below 15 years: lump sum after 10-year waiting period from last contribution.
Automatic via employer payroll contribution. Claim at retirement via BPJS Ketenagakerjaan office or BPJSTKu app.
BPJS Ketenagakerjaan — JKK (Work Accident Insurance)
Jaminan Kecelakaan Kerja (JKK)
Work accident and occupational disease coverage. Covers: medical costs, temporary disability benefit (100% salary for 12 months, then 50%), permanent disability lump sum, rehabilitation, and death benefit for work-related accidents.
Mandatory for all formally employed KITAS holders. Coverage from first day of employment.
Automatic via employer enrollment. Report accident to employer and BPJS Ketenagakerjaan within 2×24 hours of incident.
BPJS Ketenagakerjaan — JKM (Death Insurance)
Jaminan Kematian (JKM)
Death benefit for non-work-related death of insured worker. Lump sum Rp42,000,000 + funeral grant Rp10,000,000 + monthly benefit for dependents for 24 months (25% of last salary, minimum Rp3,000,000/month).
Mandatory for all formally employed KITAS holders. Beneficiaries must be registered.
Register beneficiaries at BPJS Ketenagakerjaan office. Claim by beneficiaries: submit death certificate, marriage certificate, BPJS membership card to BPJS Ketenagakerjaan office within 3 years of death.
BPJS Ketenagakerjaan — JKP (Job Loss Insurance)
Jaminan Kehilangan Pekerjaan (JKP)
Job loss benefit introduced 2022 — cash benefit, access to job training, and career counselling for employees who lose employment through company closure, efficiency, or other valid reasons. Maximum 6 months benefit.
Indonesian citizens only — KITAS-holding foreign workers NOT eligible for JKP. Indonesian employees at BPJS-enrolled companies.
Via SIAPkerja (siapkerja.kemnaker.go.id) within 3 months of termination.
Contribution Overview
Total mandatory social security contributions for formally employed KITAS holders: Employee: 2% (JHT) + 1% (JP) + 1% (BPJS Kesehatan) = 4% of gross salary. Employer: 3.7% (JHT) + 2% (JP) + 0.24–1.74% (JKK) + 0.3% (JKM) + 4% (BPJS Kesehatan) = 10.24–11.74% of gross salary. Contributions capped at relevant salary ceilings. Total contributions reduce take-home pay — factor into salary negotiation.
International Social Security Agreements
Indonesia has very limited social security totalization agreements. No comprehensive bilateral social security agreement with USA, UK, Germany, France, Australia, or most European countries. Limited agreement elements with Singapore under ASEAN framework. This means: double contributions may apply (home country + Indonesia); Indonesian JP pension may not be credited to home country pension system. Consult with tax advisor on treaty benefits and pension planning.
BPJS arrears: unpaid monthly premiums accumulate with interest (2% per month for JKN). Outstanding arrears block future BPJS services and KITAS renewal in some cases. Always pay BPJS on time via GoJek GoTagihan, ATM, Indomaret/Alfamart, or bank transfer. Self-employed BPJS Ketenagakerjaan: voluntary enrollment in JHT and JKK available for informal sector workers at low rates.
Social Security
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